---
title: Application & Process Guidance | Knowledge Hub
description: Technical recommendations for real-world applications covering alloy selection, load, speed, temperature, lubrication, and environmental considerations.
---

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1. [Knowledge Hub](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge)
2. [Application & Process Guidance](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance)

# Application & Process Guidance

 Technical recommendations for real-world applications covering alloy selection, load, speed, temperature, lubrication, and environmental considerations.

- [Using AMPCOLOY® 944 for PMMA Injection Molding](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampcoloy-944-pmma-injection-molding)

## Lubrication & Surface Treatment

- [Grease Recommendation for AMPCO® 21 in Marine Applications Against Stainless Steel](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/grease-recommendation-ampco-21-marine-stainless-steel)
- [Food-Grade Lubrication for AMPCO® Applications](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/food-grade-lubricant-ampco-applications)

## Thermoforming & Plastic Processing

- [AMPCOLOY® 940 vs. Aluminum for Thermoforming Tooling](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampcoloy-940-vs-aluminum-thermoforming-tooling)

## Oil, Gas & Chemical

- [AMPCOLOY® 83 for Pump Thrust Washers in Aggressive Fluid Environments](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampcoloy-83-pump-thrust-washers-aggressive-fluids)
- [AMPCO® 18 Resistance to Boric Acid](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-18-boric-acid-corrosion-resistance)
- [Seawater Corrosion Resistance of AMPCO® M4](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/seawater-corrosion-resistance-ampco-m4)
- [AMPCO® 18 in Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Environments](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-18-dilute-hydrochloric-acid-environment)
- [Copper Alloys in Oil and Gas Environments](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/copper-alloys-oil-gas-corrosion-resistance)

## Temperature & Thermal Limits

- [AMPCOLOY® 972 for High-Temperature Heat Transfer Applications](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampcoloy-972-high-temperature-heat-transfer)
- [Most Heat-Resistant AMPCOLOY® Alloys](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/most-heat-resistant-ampcoloy-alloys)
- [AMPCO® M4 for High-Temperature Bearing Applications](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-m4-high-temperature-bearing-applications)
- [Maximum Operating Temperature of AMPCO® 18](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/max-operating-temperature-ampco-18)
- [Maximum Recommended Operating Temperatures for AMPCOLOY® Alloys](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/max-operating-temperatures-ampcoloy-alloys)
- [Maximum Operating Temperature for Nickel Aluminum Bronzes](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/max-operating-temperature-ampco-45-m4)

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## Bearings & Wear Components

- [AMPCO® 18 for Bushings with Hard Chrome Plated Shafts](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-18-bushing-hard-chrome-plated-shaft)
- [AMPCO® 18 for Threaded Nut in Linear Actuator Applications](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-18-threaded-nut-linear-actuator)
- [AMPCO® 18 as a Guide Bushing Against Steel St52-3](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-18-guide-bushing-steel-st52-3)
- [High Surface Pressure Bearing Material Selection](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/high-surface-pressure-bearing-material-ampco-m4)
- [Maximum Sliding Velocity for AMPCO® 18 Guide Bushings](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/maximum-sliding-velocity-ampco-18-guide-bushing)
- [PV Rating for AMPCO® 18 Sleeve Bearings](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/pv-rating-ampco-18-sleeve-bearings)
- [Title: AMPCO® 18 as Brake Pads in Roller Coasters](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-18-brake-pads-roller-coasters)
- [AMPCO® 18 for Wheel and Axle Applications in High-Temperature Ovens](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-18-wheel-axle-high-temperature-oven)
- [AMPCO® 18 for Wash Application Rub Strips Against Hot Rolled Steel](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-18-wash-application-rub-strips)
- [AMPCO® 18 for Damper Ring Against 9310 Steel in Turbine Oil](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-18-damper-ring-9310-steel-turbine-oil)
- [AMPCO® Alloy Recommendation for Guide Bushings and Collets on Titanium Parts](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-alloy-guide-bushing-collet-titanium)

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## Specialty & High-Demand Environments

- [AMPCO® 18 in High Vacuum Applications](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-18-high-vacuum-applications)
- [Valve Seat Material Selection for High-RPM Tuned Engines with Aluminum Cylinder Heads](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/valve-seat-material-high-rpm-aluminum-cylinder-head)
- [AMPCO® Alloy Recommendation for Formula 1 Engine Valve Guides and Seats](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-alloy-formula-1-engine-valve-guides)
- [Neutron Irradiation Effects on Nickel Aluminum Bronzes](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/neutron-irradiation-nickel-aluminum-bronze-ampco)
- [AMPCOLOY® 940 in Cryogenic Applications](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampcoloy-940-cryogenic-applications)

## Plastic Injection Molding

- [AMPCOLOY® 83 for Heat Staking Tips on Glass-Filled Polypropylene](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampcoloy-83-heat-staking-tips-glass-filled-polypropylene)
- [AMPCOLOY® 972 vs. AMPCOLOY® 940 for Mold Cores](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampcoloy-972-vs-940-mold-cores)
- [AMPCOLOY® 940 for Plastic Bag Sealing Bars](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampcoloy-940-plastic-bag-sealing-bars)
- [Formaldehyde Resistance of AMPCOLOY® 940 for Medical Mold Applications](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampcoloy-940-formaldehyde-resistance-medical-mold)
- [AMPCO® Alloy Recommendation for Blow Molding Applications](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampco-alloy-blow-molding-neck-bottom)

## Metal Forming & Deep Drawing

- [Deep Drawing of Pure Aluminum with AMPCO® Alloys](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/deep-drawing-pure-aluminum-ampco-alloys)

## Tube Bending & Forming

- [Alloy Selection for Tube Bending Wiper Dies](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/alloy-selection-tube-bending-wiper-dies)
- [Alloy Selection for Tube Bending Mandrels](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/alloy-selection-tube-bending-mandrels)

## Resistance Welding

- [AMPCOLOY® 97 and AMPCOLOY® 99: Composition, Status, and Applications](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/ampcoloy-97-ampcoloy-99-resistance-welding)

- [Fabrication & Processing](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/fabrication-processing#main-content)

    - [Forming & Bending](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/fabrication-processing#forming-bending)
    - [Welding & Joining](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/fabrication-processing#welding-joining)
    - [Cutting & Shearing](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/fabrication-processing#cutting-shearing)
- [Application & Process Guidance](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#main-content)

    - [Lubrication & Surface Treatment](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#lubrication-surface-treatment)
    - [Thermoforming & Plastic Processing](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#thermoforming-plastic-processing)
    - [Oil, Gas & Chemical](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#oil-gas-chemical)
    - [Temperature & Thermal Limits](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#temperature-thermal-limits)
    - [Bearings & Wear Components](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#bearings-wear-components)
    - [Specialty & High-Demand Environments](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#specialty-high-demand-environments)
    - [Plastic Injection Molding](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#plastic-injection-molding)
    - [Metal Forming & Deep Drawing](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#metal-forming-deep-drawing)
    - [Tube Bending & Forming](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#tube-bending-forming)
    - [Resistance Welding](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/application-process-guidance#resistance-welding)
- [Machining & Tooling](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/machining-tooling#main-content)

    - [Cutting Tool Selection](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/machining-tooling#cutting-tool-selection)
    - [Grinding & Surface Finishing](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/machining-tooling#grinding-surface-finishing)
- [Materials & Coatings](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/materials-coatings#main-content)

    - [Coating Properties & Selection](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/materials-coatings#coating-properties-selection)
    - [Tribological Properties](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/materials-coatings#tribological-properties)
    - [Thermal Properties](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/materials-coatings#thermal-properties)
    - [Standards & Designations](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/materials-coatings#standards-designations)
    - [Alloy Selection & Comparison](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/materials-coatings#alloy-selection-comparison)
    - [Mechanical Properties](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/materials-coatings#mechanical-properties)
    - [Physical & Electrical Properties](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/materials-coatings#physical-electrical-properties)
- [Heat Treatment & Thermal Processing](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/heat-treatment-thermal-processing#main-content)

    - [Stress Relieving](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/heat-treatment-thermal-processing#stress-relieving)
    - [Grade Conversion & Heat Treatment Upgrades](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/heat-treatment-thermal-processing#grade-conversion-heat-treatment-upgrades)
    - [Supply Condition & Post-Delivery Processing](https://academy.ampcometal.com/migration/en/knowledge/heat-treatment-thermal-processing#supply-condition-post-delivery-processing)

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